Everything about Irish Coercion Act totally explained
Government by force can occur when the situation is so dangerous that normal methods have failed. Force usually implies special powers being given to the army or police force.
In December 1816, a mass meeting took place at Spa Fields near London due to the discontent of the sans-culottes. The Coercion Act of 1817 was an act of Parliament that suspended Habeas Corpus and extended existing laws against seditious gatherings in Britain. The Coercion Act was the result of this mass meeting.
An Irish Coercion Bill was proposed by
Sir Robert Peel to calm the increasing difficult situation in
Ireland as a result of the
potato famine 1844-47. The Bill was blocked and this led to Peel's retirement as Prime Minister. Later attempts to intoduce Irish coercion acts were blocked by the fillibustering of
Joseph Biggar.
During the
Irish Land War a Coercion Act was enacted in 1881. In reaction to a 41 hour long obstruction in the House of Commons, instigated by the Home Rule league
As a response to the
Plan of Campaign of the mid 1880s the new
Chief Secretary for Ireland Arthur Balfour secured a tough
Perpetual Crimes Act (1887) (or Coercion Act) aimed at the prevention of
boycotting, intimidation, unlawful assembly and the organisation of conspiracies against the payment of rents. The Act resulted in the imprisonment of hundreds of people including over twenty MPs, all of whom had done no more than help evicted tenants. The so-called
Crimes Act (or "Coercion" Act) was condemned by the Catholic hierarchy since it was to become a permanent part of the law and didn't have to be renewed annually by parliament. Trial by jury was abolished.
Many hundreds were imprisioned at times under the Acts, including many prominent agrarian agitators,
Charles Stewart Parnell,
William O'Brien,
Michael Davitt,
John Dillon,
Willie Redmond,
Pat O'Brien,
Joseph Biggar,
Alexander Blane,
Patrick Guiney,
James Gilhooly,
Matthew Harris,
John Hayden,
J. E. Kenny,
James O'Kelly,
Timothy Sullivan.
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